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India is one of the world's great reservoirs of history, cultures, philosophies, and religions. The Buddhist circuit is a route that follows in the footsteps of the Buddha from Lumbini in Nepal where he was born, through Bihar in India where he attained enlightenment, to Sarnath and Kushinagar in Uttar Pradesh in India, where he gave his first teachings and died. The Buddhist circuit is an important pilgrimage destination for the 450 million practicing Buddhists as well as travelers interested in history, culture, or religion. Investing in the Buddhist Circuit is the result of first-time collaboration between the Government of India's Ministry of Tourism, the State Governments of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the private sector, Buddhist monasteries and sects, and the World Bank Group. The work was led by the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group. Extensive on-the-ground data collection, consultations, and analysis were conducted. The outcome is a framework for public and private sector investment that secures and enhances the experience of the sites while unleashing the full job creation potential of tourist spending at the towns and sites, and along the Buddhist circuit. The strategy outlined in this document seeks to grow the economic impact of tourism along the Buddhist circuit by attracting higher-spending tourists and linking them to local goods and service providers. This strategy recognizes that both public and private sector investment is required to drive demand and improve quality of experience while respecting, preserving, and enhancing the religious value and significance of the sites. For more publications on IFC Sustainability please visit www.ifc.org/sustainabilitypublications.

Accommodation & tourism Industry --- Artisans --- Cultural Heritage & Preservation --- Industry --- Literature & Folklore

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Melaka is a rapidly growing twenty-first century city in transition, increasing its population by forty percent in the last fifteen years in Malaysia. Rapid growth in population has fueled demand for new urban development, improved infrastructure and better services and facilities. Melaka has the vision to become a green city focused on addressing the important climate change and green growth agenda. Shaping efficiently its future urbanization is an essential enabling dimension of this vision for Melaka. Evidence linking efficient spatial planning and higher economic density with agglomeration economies, higher productivity and overall economic growth is well established. To achieve its economic goal of becoming a service economy, Melaka must create proximity and facilitate the flow of knowledge that fosters innovation. The spatial shape of Melaka must make it a center of productivity, human capital and greater access to markets. Adopting an integrated approach to land use and urban planning between geographical scales and economic sectors is critical to the orderly development of a sustainable city. This supporting report elaborates on Melaka's land use and urban form.

City Development Strategies --- Cultural Heritage --- Cultural Heritage and Preservation --- Culture in Sustainable Development --- Municipal Housing and Land --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development --- Urban Environment --- Urban Planning

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Culture and creativity have untapped potential to deliver social, economic, and spatial benefits for cities and communities. Cultural and creative industries are key drivers of the creative economy and represent important sources of employment, economic growth, and innovation, thus contributing to city competitiveness and sustainability. Through their contribution to urban regeneration and sustainable urban development, cultural and creative industries make cities more attractive places for people to live in and for economic activity to develop. Culture and creativity also contribute to social cohesion at the neighborhood level, enable creative networks to form and advance innovation and growth, and create opportunities for those who are often socially and economically excluded. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a deep impact on the cultural sector, yet it has also revealed the power of cultural and creative industries as a resource for city recovery and resilience. More generally, cities are hubs of the creative economy and have a critical role to play in harnessing the transformative potential of cultural and creative industries through policies and enabling environments at the local level. 'Cities, Culture, and Creativity' (CCC) provides guiding principles and a CCC Framework, developed by UNESCO and the World Bank, to support cities in unlocking the power of cultural and creative industries for sustainable urban development, city competitiveness, and social inclusion. Drawing from global studies and the experiences of nine diverse cities from across the world, the CCC Framework offers concrete guidance for the range of actors - city, state, and national governments; creative industry and related private-sector organizations; creatives; culture professionals and civil society to harness culture and creativity with a view to boosting their local creative economies and building resilient, inclusive, and dynamic cities.

City Development Strategies --- Cultural Assets for Poverty Reduction --- Cultural Heritage --- Cultural Heritage and Preservation --- Culture in Sustainable Development --- Employment --- Human Capital --- Job Creation --- Quality Of Life --- Sustainable Development Goals --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development

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In this unique collection the authors present a wide range of interdisciplinary methods to study, document, and conserve material cultural heritage. The methods used serve as exemplars of best practice with a wide variety of cultural heritage objects having been recorded, examined, and visualised. The objects range in date, scale, materials, and state of preservation and so pose different research questions and challenges for digitization, conservation, and ontological representation of knowledge. Heritage science and specialist digital technologies are presented in a way approachable to non-scientists, while a separate technical section provides details of methods and techniques, alongside examples of notable applications of spatial and spectral documentation of material cultural heritage, with selected literature and identification of future research. This book is an outcome of interdisciplinary research and debates conducted by the participants of the COST Action TD1201, Colour and Space in Cultural Heritage, 2012-16 and is an Open Access publication available under a CC BY-NC-ND licence.

Museology --- Information systems --- digital preservation --- tangible cultural heritage --- conservation science [cultural heritage discipline] --- Cultural property --- Historic preservation --- Digital preservation --- Computer files --- Digital curation --- Digital media --- Electronic preservation --- Preservation of digital information --- Preservation of materials --- Preservation, Historic --- Preservationism (Historic preservation) --- Cultural heritage --- Cultural patrimony --- Cultural resources --- Heritage property --- National heritage --- National patrimony --- National treasure --- Patrimony, Cultural --- Treasure, National --- Property --- World Heritage areas --- Digitization --- Protection&delete& --- Technological innovations --- Conservation and restoration --- Preservation --- Protection --- E-books --- Digital preservation. --- Digitization. --- Technological innovations. --- Cultural heritage. --- Digital Humanities. --- Documentation. --- Science.

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This report reviews and recommends strategies to regulate the trade of wildlife through Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Ulaanbaatar is an ideal site to launch an effort to support improved enforcement of wildlife trade regulations. The city is the seat of Mongolia's government, media markets, and civil society, as well as the center of the wildlife trade. Some of the country's largest raw materials markets are located to the east and west of the city. Ulaanbaatar's many road inspection points, its train station, and its airport are all strategic sites for enforcing trade regulation. Responsibility for enforcement of wildlife trade regulations is distributed among half a dozen different agencies. This report focuses specifically on Mongolia's existing legal framework for controlling the wildlife trade, and on strategies for improving enforcement, particularly in Ulaanbaatar. Before turning to those subjects, the next section provides a brief overview of the Mongolian wildlife trade.

Agriculture --- Biodiversity --- Cultural Heritage --- Ecosystems and Natural Habitats --- Environment --- Herders --- Livestock --- Livestock & animal Husbandry --- Natural Resources --- Roads --- Traditional Medicine --- Transport --- Vehicles --- Wildlife Resources